Trong quá trình tự học Y khoa và ôn luyện các kỳ thi lâm sàng, việc soạn flashcard thủ công thường tiêu tốn rất nhiều thời gian. Tuy nhiên, nếu chỉ yêu cầu AI "tạo flashcard từ đoạn văn sau" một cách chung chung, kết quả thu được thường là những câu văn rườm rà, che giấu sai từ khóa hoặc vi phạm nguyên tắc thông tin tối thiểu (Minimum Information Principle).
Tài liệu dưới đây tổng hợp các mẫu prompt chuyên biệt được thiết kế để chuẩn hóa đầu ra: khống chế độ dài mỗi thẻ dưới 40 từ, giới hạn 1-2 vị trí điền khuyết then chốt, và xuất trực tiếp dưới dạng bảng để dễ dàng kiểm tra hoặc nhập hàng loạt vào Anki.
1. Prompt tạo thẻ điền khuyết cơ bản (Cloze Deletion - Không kèm Notes)
Mẫu prompt này phù hợp với các định nghĩa ngắn, chỉ số xét nghiệm, hoặc tiêu chuẩn chẩn đoán cần học thuộc lòng chính xác.
Review Text: "[Dán đoạn văn bản nguồn vào đây]"
Task: Your task is to...[Nêu rõ chủ đề bạn muốn tập trung]...and condense the information into concise and direct statements using Anki cloze deletion mark-up. Ensure that each statement is clearly written, easily understandable, and adheres to the specified formatting and reference criteria.
Formatting Criteria:
- Construct a table with two columns: "Statements" and "Number".
- Each row of the "Statements" column should contain a single statement written in Anki cloze deletion mark-up, focusing on...[Chủ đề trọng tâm].
- The "Number" column should serve to number each row, facilitating feedback.
Reference Criteria for each "Statement":
- Restrict each statement to 2 cloze deletions. If needed, you may add 1-2 more cloze deletions but restrict them to either cloze1 or cloze2.
- Limit the word count of each statement to less than 40 words.
- Keep the text within the cloze deletions limited to one or two key words.
- Each statement must be able to stand alone. Include the subject of the statement somewhere in the text.
- Keep ONLY simple, direct, cloze deletion statements in the "Statements" column.
Example:
| Statements | Number |
| --- | --- |
| {{c1::word}} Give an example of what you want here | 1 |
| This is a {{c1::second}} example to reinforce the formatting. | 2 |2. Prompt tạo thẻ điền khuyết có ghi chú (Cloze Deletion + Notes)
Khi câu hỏi chính chỉ cần kiểm tra một dấu hiệu, nhưng bạn muốn lưu thêm cơ chế bệnh sinh, hình ảnh học hoặc tiên lượng ở mặt sau của thẻ mà không làm rối mắt khi đang lật thẻ ôn tập.
Review Text: "[Dán đoạn văn bản nguồn vào đây]"
Task: Your task is to...[Nêu rõ chủ đề bạn muốn tập trung]...and condense the information into concise and direct statements using Anki cloze deletion mark-up. Ensure that each statement is clearly written, easily understandable, and adheres to the specified formatting and reference criteria.
Formatting Criteria:
- Construct a table with three columns: "Statements", "Notes", and "Number".
- Each row of the "Statements" column should contain a single statement written in Anki cloze deletion mark-up, focusing on...[Chủ đề trọng tâm].
- Each row of the "Notes" column should provide additional explanations for the corresponding "Statement". There should be no cloze deletions in this column.
- The "Number" column should serve to number each row, facilitating feedback.
Reference Criteria for each "Statement":
- Restrict each statement to 2 cloze deletions. If needed, you may add 1-2 more cloze deletions but restrict them to either cloze1 or cloze2.
- Limit the word count of each statement to less than 40 words.
- Keep the text within the cloze deletions limited to one or two key words.
- Each statement must be able to stand alone. Include the subject of the statement somewhere in the text.
- Keep ONLY simple, direct, cloze deletion statements in the "Statements" column. Keep any additional explanatory information in the "Notes" column.
Example:
| Statements | Notes | Number |
| --- | --- | --- |
| {{c1::word}} Give an example of what you want here | Example of notes here | 1 |
| This is a {{c1::second}} example to reinforce the formatting. | More example notes here | 2 |3. Prompt chuyên sâu: Chẩn đoán hình ảnh (Radiology Prompt)
Được tinh chỉnh riêng cho việc học hình ảnh học (X-quang, CT, MRI, siêu âm), tập trung vào các dấu hiệu đặc trưng và tiêu chuẩn phân biệt giữa các bệnh cảnh lâm sàng tương tự.
Review Text: "[Dán đoạn văn bản nguồn vào đây]"
Task: Your task is to focus on the imaging features of diseases, unique imaging findings, and methods of differentiating similar disease entities and condense the information into concise and direct statements using Anki cloze deletion mark-up. Ensure that each statement is clearly written, easily understandable, and adheres to the specified formatting and reference criteria.
Formatting Criteria:
- Construct a table with three columns: "Statements", "Notes", and "Number".
- Each row of the "Statements" column should contain a single statement written in Anki cloze deletion mark-up, focusing on the imaging features of disease, unique imaging findings, and differentiating similar disease entities.
- Each row of the "Notes" column should provide additional explanations for the corresponding "Statement". There should be no cloze deletions in this column.
- The "Number" column should serve to number each row, facilitating feedback.
Reference Criteria for each "Statement":
- Restrict each statement to 2 cloze deletions. If needed, you may add 1-2 more cloze deletions but restrict them to either cloze1 or cloze2.
- Limit the word count of each statement to less than 40 words.
- Keep the text within the cloze deletions limited to one or two key words.
- Each statement must be able to stand alone. Include the subject of the statement somewhere in the text.
- Keep ONLY simple, direct, cloze deletion statements in the "Statements" column. Keep any additional explanatory information in the "Notes" column.Ví dụ kết quả thẻ Cloze
| Statements | Notes | Number |
|---|---|---|
{{c1::Necrosis}} in pancreatitis is identified by lack of contrast enhancement after bolus contrast administration. | Necrotizing pancreatitis is associated with increased severity of disease and increased risk of death. | 1 |
Acute {{c1::peripancreatic fluid collections}} are non-encapsulated aggregations of fluid in the pancreatic bed and retroperitoneum. | 2 |
Kinh nghiệm thực chiến:
- Cung cấp ví dụ mẫu (Few-shot prompting): Đây là yếu tố then chốt nhất để mô hình AI hiểu đúng ý bạn. Hãy cung cấp sẵn 1-2 cặp flashcard chuẩn mà bạn ưng ý nhất vào câu lệnh.
- Lưu lại các câu nhắc tinh chỉnh: Khi AI trả lời chưa đúng định dạng hoặc ẩn sai từ, hãy lưu lại câu phản hồi sửa lỗi để sau này gộp thành một prompt hoàn chỉnh.
4. Prompt tạo thẻ hỏi đáp hai mặt (Basic Front/Back)
Dành cho dạng thẻ hỏi - đáp truyền thống (mặt trước là câu hỏi, mặt sau là câu trả lời ngắn gọn). Dạng này phù hợp khi cần ôn lại cơ chế hoặc câu hỏi phân biệt nhanh.
Review Text: "[Dán đoạn văn bản nguồn vào đây]"
Task: Your task is to convert this text into Basic Note Type (front/back) Anki flashcards. Prioritize information regarding the imaging features of diseases, unique imaging findings, and methods of differentiating similar disease entities. Ensure that each flashcard is clearly written, and adheres to the specified formatting and reference criteria.
Formatting Criteria:
- Construct a table with three columns: "Front", "Back", "Number".
- Each row of the "Front" column should contain a single question testing the imaging features of disease, unique imaging findings, and methods of differentiating similar disease entities.
- The "Back" column should contain the succinct answer to the question in the corresponding row of the "Front" column.
- The "Number" column will serve to number each row, facilitating feedback.
Reference Criteria for each "Statement":
- Each flashcard should test a single concept.
- Limit the word count of each question to less than 40 words.
- Each flashcard MUST be able to stand alone. Include the subject of the flashcard somewhere in the text.
- Keep ONLY simple, direct questions in the "Front" column.Ví dụ kết quả thẻ Basic
| Front | Back | Number |
|---|---|---|
| How is necrotic tissue identified in acute pancreatitis on a CT scan? | Lack of contrast enhancement. | 1 |
| What is the primary imaging feature of acute peripancreatic fluid collections? | Non-encapsulated fluid in the pancreatic bed. | 2 |
5. Phương pháp xử lý 2 bước ("Two Chat Method")
Khi tài liệu nguồn là một chương sách giáo khoa dài hoặc bài tổng quan lâm sàng phức tạp, việc yêu cầu AI đọc và chuyển thẳng thành flashcard ngay trong một lần thường khiến kết quả bị loãng. Phương pháp tách làm 2 phiên chat riêng biệt giải quyết triệt để vấn đề này:
Phiên chat 1: Trích lọc kiến thức cốt lõi
Task:
- Transform this dense source text into clear, concise bullet points that will be used to create educational flashcards later. Pay particular attention to the key facts and important details in the text. Focus on imaging features of diseases, unique imaging findings, and methods of differentiating similar disease entities. Exclude historical and technical information. This information is trivial and doesn't contribute to the purpose of the educational materials, which is to help the user become a competent clinician.
- Each bullet point must be able to stand alone. Include the subject of the bulleted statement somewhere in the text.
- Place all the bullet points in a plain text code block.
Source Text: "[Dán văn bản nguồn vào đây]"(Việc yêu cầu AI trả về kết quả trong plain text code block giúp bạn sao chép toàn bộ chỉ với 1 cú nhấp chuột mà không bị lẫn định dạng lạ).
Phiên chat 2: Chuyển đổi thành thẻ Anki
Mở một phiên chat mới và dán toàn bộ các gạch đầu dòng vừa nhận được kèm câu lệnh:
Review Text: "[Dán các bullet points từ Chat 1 vào đây]"
Task: Your task is to convert this text into direct statements using Anki cloze deletion mark-up. Prioritize the imaging features of diseases, unique imaging findings, and methods of differentiating similar disease entities. Ensure that each statement is clearly written, easily understandable, and adheres to the specified formatting and reference criteria.
Formatting Criteria:
- Construct a table with two columns: "Statements" and "Number".
- Each row of the "Statements" column should contain a single statement written in Anki cloze deletion mark-up, focusing on the imaging features of disease, unique imaging findings, and differentiating similar disease entities.
- The "Number" column should serve to number each row, facilitating feedback.
Reference Criteria for each "Statement":
- Restrict each statement to 1-2 cloze deletions. If needed, you may add 1-2 more cloze deletions but restrict them to either cloze1 or cloze2.
- Limit the word count of each statement to less than 40 words.
- Keep the text within the cloze deletions limited to one or two key words.
- Each statement must be able to stand alone. Include the subject of the statement somewhere in the text.
- Keep ONLY simple, direct, cloze deletion statements in the "Statements" column.6. Prompt rút gọn tối ưu cho GPT-4 & Claude 3.5
Nếu đang sử dụng các mô hình ngôn ngữ lớn thế hệ mới, bạn có thể sử dụng mẫu câu lệnh tinh gọn sau để tiết kiệm ngữ cảnh:
Review Text: "[Dán đoạn văn bản nguồn vào đây]"
Task:
- Create concise and direct statements from the provided text that focus on the imaging features of diseases, unique imaging findings, and methods of differentiating similar disease entities.
- Add cloze deletions to these statements using Anki cloze deletion mark-up. Ensure that each statement is clearly written, easily understandable, and adheres to the specified formatting and reference criteria.
Formatting Criteria:
- Construct a table with three columns: "Statements", "Notes", and "Number".
- Each row of the "Statements" column should contain a single statement written in Anki cloze deletion mark-up. Prioritize information about imaging features of disease, unique imaging findings, and differentiating similar disease entities.
- Each row of the "Notes" column should provide additional information for the corresponding "Statement". Do not restate or summarize information already present in the "Statement". Information in the notes section should be sourced from the text.
- The "Number" column should serve to number each row, facilitating feedback.
Reference Criteria for each "Statement":
- Restrict each statement to 2 cloze deletions. If necessary, add 1-2 more cloze deletions, but they can only be either a cloze1 or cloze2 deletion.
- Limit the word count of each statement to less than 40 words.
- Keep the text within the cloze deletions limited to one or two key words.
- Each statement must be able to stand alone. Include the subject of the statement somewhere in the text.
- Keep ONLY simple, direct, cloze deletion statements in the "Statements" column. Keep any additional explanatory information in the "Notes" column.7. Bảng xử lý sự cố khi AI tạo thẻ chưa đúng ý (Troubleshooting)
Khi AI phản hồi chưa chuẩn, thay vì viết lại từ đầu, hãy copy trực tiếp các câu phản hồi dưới đây gửi lại cho bot:
| Vấn đề gặp phải | Câu lệnh phản hồi (Feedback Prompt) |
|---|---|
| Ẩn sai từ khóa (AI ẩn các từ phụ thay vì dấu hiệu chẩn đoán then chốt) | I want you to keep in mind that I'm using these flashcards to learn what to look for as a clinician. I want to be able to test my memory of key appearances, classic imaging findings of disease, and the details that will help me differentiate similar diseases. This is the information that should be prioritized for the cloze deletions. |
| Cột Notes chỉ là viết lại câu văn chính (Notes lặp lại thông tin vô nghĩa) | The notes section really only serves as a place to add additional facts and information from the source text that is relevant to the subject of the corresponding statement. The notes you are providing are too basic and are not sourced from the provided text. Review the text and include information from the text in the notes section that doesn't fit the criteria to be included in the statements column. |
| Cột Notes quá lan man (AI tự bịa thêm chi tiết ngoài bài học) | I don't really need you to go into detail beyond what is already present in the text for the notes section. If there is additional information related to the topic of the corresponding statement that doesn't meet the reference criteria to become a statement itself, place that information in the notes section. If there isn't much additional information in the source text for a given statement, leave the notes section blank. |
8. Prompt tạo câu hỏi ca lâm sàng chuẩn USMLE/NBME (Qbank Generator)
Ngoài flashcard ghi nhớ trực tiếp, việc tự kiểm tra bằng các câu hỏi tình huống lâm sàng (vignette) bậc cao (second or third-order questions) giúp củng cố phản xạ biện luận rất tốt. Prompt dưới đây áp dụng trực tiếp tiêu chuẩn soạn đề của NBME® Item-Writing Guide:
**Task**: Generate 3-5 NBME-style, second or third order multiple choice questions based on the **concept listed below**. Adhere strictly to the NBME® ITEM-WRITING GUIDE standards.
**Tested Concept**: [Mô tả khái niệm hoặc câu tổng kết ca lâm sàng. Ví dụ: Autosomal dominant Von Hippel-Lindau disease results from a deletion of the VHL gene on chromosome 3 and is characterized by hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, renal cell carcinoma (often bilateral), and pheochromocytomas.]
**NBME Guidelines**:
1. Focus on an important concept or testing point.
2. Craft questions assessing the application of knowledge (second or higher order), not isolated facts.
3. Ensure the lead-in is focused, clear, and standalone with the vignette.
4. Options should be consistent, plausible, and not hint towards the correct answer.
5. Ensure items do not contain technical flaws that add irrelevant difficulty or give undue advantage.
**Format**:
Place all of your responses in a table with the following formatting:
| Vignette and Lead-in Question | Option A | Option B | Option C | Option D | Option E | Correct Option | Explanation for Correct Answer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|Ví dụ câu hỏi hoàn chỉnh tạo từ Prompt
| Vignette and Lead-in Question | Option A | Option B | Option C | Option D | Option E | Correct Option | Explanation for Correct Answer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A 32-year-old man comes to the office because of a 4-day history of progressive weakness in his extremities. He has been healthy except for an upper respiratory tract infection 10 days ago. His temperature is 37.8°C (100.0°F), pulse is 94/min, respirations are 42/min and shallow, and blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg. He has symmetric weakness of both sides of the face and the proximal and distal muscles of the extremities. Sensation is intact. No deep tendon reflexes can be elicited. Babinski sign is absent. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? | Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis | Guillain-Barré syndrome | Myasthenia gravis | Poliomyelitis | Polymyositis | B | Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated polyneuropathy often following infections. It presents with rapidly ascending bilateral extremity weakness, reduced or absent deep tendon reflexes, and can lead to respiratory failure due to diaphragmatic weakness. The absence of a Babinski sign indicates a peripheral rather than central process. The preceding respiratory infection and clinical findings in this patient point to GBS as the diagnosis. |
